Minnesota adult-use cannabis sales begin

On May 30, 2023, Minnesota became the 23rd cannabis legalization state when Gov. Tim Walz (D) signed HF 100 into law. The first adult-use cannabis stores opened in 2025, with all of the initial retailers operated by tribes. You can check out the Minnesota Star Tribune’s map to find stores in your area.

Adults 21 and older can:

• possess and purchase up to two ounces of cannabis, eight grams of concentrate, and edibles with up to 800 milligrams of THC;
• give away the above amounts of cannabis to other adults 21+;
• possess up to two pounds of cannabis at home;
• cultivate up to eight plants (four of which may be flowering) at their primary residence or in the curtilage, as long as it is out of public view and in an enclosed, locked space; and
• use cannabis at a private residence or on private property unless the owner prohibits doing so.

Smoking and vaping are prohibited in multifamily housing, such as apartments, and there is an “ open package ” law that carries possible jail time.

The law includes automatic expungement for low-level cannabis offenses. It created a Cannabis Expungement Board to determine if certain cannabis felonies should be vacated, charges should be dismissed, and records should be expunged, or if the person should be resentenced to a lesser offense.

As of August 2025, more than 1,300 preliminary approvals have been issued for a variety of license types, including retailers, cultivators, transporters, events, microbusinesses, mezzobusinesses, and delivery services. Hundreds of those businesses have social equity status. HF 100 establishes grant funds including to help applicants with start-up and training.

The legalization law also keeps hemp-derived THC products legal, while imposing taxes and regulations. It allows the two existing medical cannabis businesses to continue operating and to sell limited amounts of cannabis for adults’ use.

HF 100 imposed a 10% excise tax on adult-use cannabis, but in 2025, lawmakers increased the rate to 15%. This is on top of Minnesota's standard 6.5% sales tax and local taxes. Medical cannabis is tax-exempt.

For more information, check out our short and detailed summaries of the new law, along with the state’s Office of Cannabis Management website.

Minnesota’s Medical Cannabis Law

Minnesota has a medical cannabis law which then-Governor Mark Dayton (D) signed into law in 2014, after insisting on modifications that made it extremely restrictive. Thanks to the work of advocates and the openness of regulators, however, the program has improved substantially.

The state added intractable pain in 2015, followed by PTSD in 2016, obstructive sleep apnea and autism in 2017, Alzheimer’s disease in 2018, chronic pain in 2019, sickle cell disease and chronic motor or vocal tic disorder in 2021; and irritable bowel syndrome and obsessive-compulsive disorder in 2022.

In May 2021, the legislature and Gov. Tim Walz approved allowing raw/ flower cannabis — including smoking — for adults 21 and older and expanded caregiver provisions.

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