MYTH: There is insufficient research to support medical cannabis’s efficacy.
Although the federal government made research investigating cannabis’s medical value uniquely difficult for decades, a large and growing body of scientific evidence demonstrates the benefits and safety of treating a broad range of ailments with medical cannabis. That’s why the FDA and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) recommended rescheduling cannabis, leading to state-legal medical cannabis being federally classified as a Schedule III drug.
Millions of individuals suffering from HIV/AIDS, autism, cancer, multiple sclerosis, Crohn’s disease, seizure disorders, chronic pain, and other debilitating illnesses find that cannabis provides relief from their symptoms.
MYTH: Exposing patients to medical cannabis may cause them physical harm.
Cannabis’s side effects are modest compared to many prescription drugs’ risks, and it appears to be impossible to fatally overdose on whole plant cannabis and its natural extracts, unlike many other dangerous medications that are prescribed every day. Research shows that cannabis can allow pain patients to reduce or eliminate their use of dangerous opiates.
As the DEA explained when it rescheduled state-legal cannabis to Schedule III, “HHS compared the rank ordering of selected drugs that are abused for various epidemiological measures and observed that marijuana was among the drugs at the very lowest ranking for a number of measures, including poison center (PC) abuse cases, … accidental or unintentional poisoning, .. Emergency department visits and hospitalizations, likelihood of being diagnosed with a serious substance abuse disorder, deaths reported to PCs, and overdose deaths . In contrast, comparators such as heroin (schedule I), oxycodone (schedule II), and cocaine (schedule II) typically were in the highest rank ordering on these measures.”
Numerous health and medical organizations have examined the evidence and concluded that cannabis can be a safe, effective medicine for some patients. They include the American Public Health Association, the American College of Physicians, the American Nurses Association, the American Academy of HIV Medicine, the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society, the Epilepsy Foundation, the National Multiple Sclerosis Society, and a number of state medical and public health organizations.
All medicines can have some negative side effects, but with cannabis they are relatively minimal. For example, the use of large amounts of Tylenol (acetaminophen) kills hundreds of Americans each year by causing liver failure. In comparison, however, potential side effects from cannabis use are minor. Doctors and patients should be able to decide if the benefits outweigh the possible side effects.
MYTH: Medical cannabis creates a slippery slope to full legalization.
Supporters of medical cannabis include some of the most respected medical and public health organizations in the country, most of which do not support legalization.
If voters or lawmakers believe seriously ill people should be allowed to use medical cannabis, laws should be enacted that create safe access for patients. If a broader reform measure is introduced at some point in the future, it will be a separate matter. When lives are at stake, we should not prevent access to safe and effective medication out of fear of a future political debate.
MYTH: Marinol and CBD-only products make other medical cannabis unnecessary.
Cannabis contains at least 80 different active cannabinoids — naturally occurring chemicals found in cannabis — including THC and CBD. Cannabinoids work together in what is called the entourage effect, which is believed to result in the therapeutic efficacy of cannabis.
Marinol (also known as dronabinol) is available as a prescription. It is a synthetic version of pure THC. Without any other cannabinoids, however, pure THC can be too intoxicating. It is safer and more effective when THC is part of a treatment created from natural cannabis where other cannabinoids can provide a vital counter to the negative side effects of THC. In addition, Marinol can take an hour or longer to take effect, and can be impossible for nauseated patients to keep down. Meanwhile, vaporized cannabis is effective almost instantaneously.
While CBD-only treatments may be effective for some patients, research and the experiences of hundreds of thousands of patients have shown that THC — and strains of cannabis that include more than trace amounts of THC — provides important medical benefits for individuals suffering from most of the conditions included in state programs.
MYTH: Legalizing medical cannabis will lead to increased teen use.
The data shows the opposite is true. The national Monitoring the Future study shows a 45% drop in youths’ rates of current cannabis use compared to 1995 — the year before states started legalizing medical cannabis.
In 36 of the 41 medical cannabis states, government surveys have produced before-and-after data on teens’ cannabis use. In 31 of the states, the vast majority, the data indicates overall decreases in teens rates of cannabis use. Other researchers and health experts have examined the data in recent years and have also found the data to be reassuring.
MYTH: Today’s cannabis is much stronger.
Pure, 100% synthetic THC is a legal prescription drug in the U.S. Therefore, any medical cannabis will be less potent than a medicine the FDA has found to be safe and effective.
High-potency cannabis may actually minimize risk for lung problems because less smoke is required to achieve desired effects. Thus, even if today’s cannabis were stronger, it would not be more dangerous. Patients simply take fewer doses to get the same effect, whether their mode of administration is by edibles, smoking, vaporization, or suppository. Taking fewer but more concentrated doses can be particularly important to patients who are in extreme discomfort, including those in end-of-life situations.