[1] Marist College Institute for Public Opinion. Yahoo News/Marist Poll: Weed & The American Family, April 17, 2017. Available at: http://maristpoll.marist.edu/wp-content/misc/Yahoo News/20170417_Summary Yahoo News-Marist Poll_Weed and The American Family.pdf
[2] National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2017-2018 NSDUH Estimated Totals by State, Table 2.
[3] Monitoring the Future national survey results on drug use, 1975-2019. Ann Arbor: Institute for Social Research, The University of Michigan, Table 17. Available at: http://monitoringthefuture.org/data/19data/19drtbl17.pdf
[4] For the results of every before-and-after survey, see MPP’s “Teens’ Marijuana Use Does Not Increase Following Marijuana Policy Reforms.” Available at: http://www.mpp.org/issues/legalization/teen-marijuana-use-does-not-increase/
[5] Federal Bureau of Investigation, Uniform Crime Reports, Crime in the United States annually. (Note: The UCR’s definition of “arrests” includes citations and summons. Some, but not all, states report citations for civil offenses as “arrests.” Inadequate recordkeeping makes it impossible to determine how many are arrests.)
[6] For example, Report of the Indian Hemp Drugs Commission, 1894; The Panama Canal Zone Military Investigations, 1925; The Marihuana Problem in the City of New York (LaGuardia Committee Report), 1944; Marihuana: A Signal of Misunderstanding (Nixon-Shafer Report), 1972; An Analysis of Marijuana Policy (National Academy of Sciences), 1982; Cannabis, Our Position for a Canadian Public Policy (Report of the Senate Special Committee on Illegal Drugs), 2002, and others.
[7] Caulkins, J. P., Hawken, A., Kilmer, B., & Kleiman, M. (2012). Marijuana Legalization: What Everyone Needs to Know, OUP USA.
[8] Beck, A. J., Berzofsky, M., Caspar, R., & Krebs, C. (2013, May). Sexual Victimization in Prisons and Jails Reported by Inmates, 2011-12. Retrieved September 2016 from http://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/svpjri1112.pdf
[9] U.S. Rep. Henry Hyde, Forfeiting Our Property Rights: Is Your Property Safe From Seizure? Cato Institute, 1995.
[10] Jane Gravelle and Sean Lowry, “Federal Proposals to Tax Marijuana: An Economic Analysis,” Congressional Research Service, November 13, 2014.
[11] https://www.colorado.gov/pacific/revenue/colorado-marijuana-tax-data
[12] Washington State Liquor and Cannabis Board, FY 2019 Annual report, page 14 ($390.4 million in cannabis excise taxes); Washington State Department of Revenue Marijuana Sales Tax Table, available at https://dor.wa.gov/about/statistics-reports/recreational-and-medical-marijuana-taxes ($67.5 million in sales tax revenue from Q3 of 2018 to Q2 of 2019).
Monthly sales tax data: https://dor.wa.gov/about/statistics-reports/recreational-and-medical-marijuana-taxes
[13] Grinspoon, Lester, M.D., and Bakalar, J.D., “Marijuana as Medicine: A Plea for Reconsideration,” Journal of the American Medical Association, June 21, 1995.
[14] Gallup poll, “U.S. Support for Legal Marijuana Steady in Past Year,” October 23, 2019; Pew Research Center, “Two-thirds of Americans support marijuana legalization,” (finding 67% support) November 14, 2019; CBS, “Support for marijuana legalization hits new high, CBS News poll finds,” April 19, 2019 (65%).
[15] Pew Research Center, “Two-thirds of Americans support marijuana legalization,” November 14, 2019.
[16] MED Resources and Statistics, October 1, 2020: https://www.colorado.gov/pacific/enforcement/med-resources-and-statistics
[17] The states are Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Maryland, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Rhode Island, and Virginia.
[18] Gettman, J. “Marijuana Arrests in the United States (2007),” The Bulletin of Cannabis Reform, November 2009.
[19] National Research Council, “Informing America’s Policy on Illegal Drugs: What We Don’t Know Keeps Hurting Us,” National Academy Press, 2001; pp. 192-93.
[20] Barry Logan, Ph.D., et al., “An evaluation of data from drivers arrested for driving under the influence in relation to per se limits for cannabis,” AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety, May 2016.
[21] ACLU, “A Tale of Two Countries: Racially Targeted Arrests in the Era of Marijuana Reform,” 2020.
[22] Abrams D.I., et al., “Vaporization as a Smokeless Cannabis Delivery System: a Pilot Study,” Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 82(5): 572-8, November 2007.
[23] June S. Beittel, Mexico: Organized Crime and Drug Trafficking Organizations (CRS Report No. R41576)
[24] “With U.S. competition hurting its marijuana business, Mexico warms a little to legalization,” Los Angeles Times, January 27, 2018; U.S. Customs and Border Protection, CBP Enforcement Statistics, Fiscal Year 2020.
[25] See: Colbert I. King “How (and Why) Did Jonathan Magbie Die?,” Washington Post, October 30, 2004; Nick Wing “Homeless Man Dies In Jail After Being Locked Up For Marijuana Possession,” Huffington Post, March 17, 2016; Associated Press, “Life in prison for man who shot marijuana dealer in holdup;” Paige Gross, “College student guilty for her role in murder of marijuana dealer,” NJ.com, September 13, 2018; December 21, 2016; Jack Bouboushian, “Did Detroit Area Cops Send Transgender Teen to her Death?,” Alternet, February 20 2013.
[26] See: Shoshana Walter, “In secretive marijuana industry, whispers of abuse and trafficking,” Reveal News, September 8, 2018.